Compliance with the EU Waste Hierarchy: A matter of stringency, enforcement, and time

Alejandro Egüez ()
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Alejandro Egüez: Department of Economics, Umeå University, Postal: Department of Economics, Umeå University, S 901 87 Umeå, Sweden, https://www.umu.se/handelshogskolan

No 981, Umeå Economic Studies from Umeå University, Department of Economics

Abstract: This paper assesses whether and to what extent income and the stringency and enforcement (S&E) of environmental regulation influence compliance with the EU Waste Hierarchy (EWH), i.e., how EU member states treat waste. The EWH prioritizes waste prevention and re-use over recycling, which is ranked above waste to energy (WtE), while incineration and landfilling are the least preferred options. Biennial panel data for the period 2010–2016 is used to create a compliance index based on the waste treatment alternatives in the EWH. The waste (excluding major mineral waste) of 26 European Union countries is examined. This study is the first of its kind to regress an EWH compliance index on income, the stringency and enforcement of environmental regulation, and other variables that are also expected to affect the relative benefits and costs of waste treatment, such as population density, heating demand, and electricity prices. The shares of landfilling, incineration, WtE, and recycling are also modeled to capture the effect of these variables in the waste treatment mix. The stringency and enforcement of environmental regulation are found to have a positive effect on compliance with the EWH, which has increased over time.

Keywords: EU waste hierarchy; waste treatment ladders; income; policy stringency; policy enforcement (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O44 Q53 R11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 41 pages
Date: 2020-10-23
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene and nep-eur
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