Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol: implications for forests and forest people

Joyotee Smith

International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 2002, vol. 2, issue 3/4, 322-343

Abstract: The social and environmental implications of plantations in the CDM are analysed under a hypothetical laissez faire approach and a proactive approach to Sustainable Development (SD), bounded by existing COP7 agreements and efficiency and equity considerations. Implications for timber rich, timber depleted and inherently timber poor regions are assessed. The social risks of industrial plantations cannot be fully addressed under COP7 rules and are likely to be highest in timber rich regions under repressive regimes or where politics dominate the forestry sector. Risks could, however, be reduced through minimum standards for stakeholder consultation and favourable legal institutions. Low cost opportunities with multiple benefits exist and require information dissemination, but some opportunities for biodiversity benefits will need financial support. Reduction of transaction costs would increase the participation of smallholder plantations but their role is likely to remain limited. Inclusion of assisted natural regeneration opens up opportunities for options with multiple benefits.

Keywords: sustainable development; environmental externalities; social externalities; transaction costs; Kyoto Protocol; clean development mechanism; plantations; afforestation; reforestation. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2002
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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