The World Bank, the IMF, and the GATT/WTO: Which institution most supported trade reform in developing economies?

Douglas Irwin

No WP22-19, Working Paper Series from Peterson Institute for International Economics

Abstract: The 1980s and 1990s saw a policy revolution in developing countries in which many highly protected (if not closed) economies were opened to world trade. These reforms were largely undertaken unilaterally, but international economic institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization supported these efforts. This paper examines the ways in which these institutions promoted, or failed to promote, trade policy reform during this pivotal period.

Keywords: IMF; World Bank; GATT; WTO; trade reform; structural adjustment; conditional aid; tariff reduction; trade liberalization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ban, nep-dev, nep-his and nep-int
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