Tonga: Technical Assistance Report-Climate Change Policy Assessment

International Monetary Fund

No 2020/212, IMF Staff Country Reports from International Monetary Fund

Abstract: Tonga is one of the world’s most exposed countries to climate change and natural disasters. It suffered the highest loss from natural disasters in the world (as a ratio to GDP) in 2018 and is among the top five over the last decade (Table 1). Climate change will make this worse. Cyclones will become more intense, with more damage from wind and sea surges. Rising sea levels will cause more flooding, coastal erosion and contaminate fresh water. Daily high temperatures will become more extreme, with more severe floods and drought.

Keywords: ISCR; CR; short term; excise tax; emergency fund; international community; cross-government Emergency Management Committee; private sector; annual budget; investment project; Climate change; Natural disasters; Renewable energy; Budget planning and preparation; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Global (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 70
Date: 2020-06-30
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-env
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