Feminization, ageing and occupational change in Europe in the last 25 years

Álvaro Mariscal-de-Gante, Amaia Palencia Esteban (), Sara Grubanov-Boskovic and Enrique Fernandez Macias ()
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Amaia Palencia Esteban: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en
Enrique Fernandez Macias: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Amaia Palencia-Esteban and Enrique Fernandez-Macias

No 2023-04, JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology from Joint Research Centre

Abstract: This paper presents new evidence on the interaction between demographic and occupational change in Europe over the last 25 years. We use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey covering six European countries to make the results representative of the different EU institutional families. The analysis is based on a cross-sectional comparison between the population and employment distributions in 1995 and 2019. This strategy allows us to study the changing demographic dynamics, which have brought a more feminised, aged and educated working population, in a context of structural employment change, where higher job polarisation or occupational upgrading are the main patterns. The results indicate that the increasing female participation has been accompanied by job polarisation, driven especially by the expansion of low-paid jobs among women. Although educational upgrading was particularly relevant for females, a multinomial logistic regression shows that occupational returns to education have declined more for women than men. Finally, despite the fact that the share of young (old) workers has decreased (increased), the occupational profile has changed similarly for both groups and the gender-based differences remain regardless of their age.

Keywords: demographic change; labour markets; European Union; gender gap (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-age, nep-des, nep-eec, nep-eur and nep-lab
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ipt:laedte:202304

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