Bilateral Tax Competition and Regional Spillovers in Tax Treaty Formation

Kunka Petkova (), Andrzej Leszek Stasio () and Martin Zagler
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Kunka Petkova: Vienna University of Economics and Business
Andrzej Leszek Stasio: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en

No 2020-07, JRC Working Papers on Taxation & Structural Reforms from Joint Research Centre

Abstract: Tax treaties are often seen as a means to mitigate fierce tax competition. We challenge this view by arguing that taxes on passive income reduce effective average tax rates, and induce neighbouring countries to react by reducing bilateral tax rates. As opposed to traditional tax competition, where every foreign investor would benefit from lower tax rates, we show that countries also engage in cutting tax rates for investors from a particular country, leaving taxes for everyone else unaffected. We call this bilateral tax competition, and we test these predictions empirically. We focus on the four treaty withholding tax rates on passive income - portfolio dividends, participation dividends, interest, and royalties - and collect these rates for 3,000 tax treaties and amending protocols signed between 1930 and 2012. We find a positive relationship in the negotiated withholding tax rates of a destination country's tax treaty and destination country competitors' past tax treaties with the same source country. This relationship is strongest for the tax rates on interest and royalties, and varies from an average elasticity between 0.19 and 0.36 with both source and destination country being an OECD member, and an average elasticity up to 0.64 when both countries are tax havens.

Keywords: tax competition; international taxation; double taxation treaties; withholding taxes; tax treaty formation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F50 F53 F68 H29 H39 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 58 pages
Date: 2020-09
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int, nep-pbe and nep-pub
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ipt:taxref:202007

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