Tracing the Local Impacts of Exports on Poverty and Inequality in Mexico

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan (), Emmanuel Vazquez and Hernan Winkler
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Carlos Rodriguez Castelan: World Bank
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán

No 13610, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: Evidence about the effect of exports on welfare at the local level is scarce. Using a unique dataset of international trade and poverty maps for almost 2,000 Mexican municipalities between 2004 and 2014, the study presented in this paper provides new evidence on the impact of a significant rise in exports on poverty and inequality at the local level. The analysis implements an instrumental variable approach that combines the initial structure of exports across municipalities with global trends in exports from developing to developed countries by sector. The results show that a 10 percent increase in the ratio of exports to workers reduces income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient by 0.17 points (using a 0 to 100 scale), but no significant effects on poverty reduction or average household incomes are identified. The lack of impacts on average incomes is driven by a rise in the supply of labor at the local level because municipalities with higher export growth experienced an increase in labor force participation and attracted more net migration, particularly of unskilled workers. Therefore, while total labor incomes grew in response to an increase in exports, average labor incomes per worker did not change. Declining remittances also blunted the effect of growing exports on household incomes.

Keywords: international trade; exports; poverty; labor markets; migration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D3 F14 F16 I3 J61 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 29 pages
Date: 2020-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dev, nep-int and nep-lab
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Working Paper: Tracing the Local Impacts of Exports on Poverty and Inequality in Mexico (2020)
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