Democratisation under Diversity: Theory and Evidence from Indonesian Communities

Anirban Mitra and Sarmistha Pal

No 14073, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: We study the effect of ethnic diversity on local public spending following fiscal decentralisation in a setting where local institutions are salient. Specifically, the latter affects coordination costs and thereby cooperative behaviour across the constituent ethnic groups. Our theory highlights the role of the local elite in lobbying for policies which favour them in a decentralised setting. The differences in preferences over public good allocations along with the salience of coordination costs across ethnic groups are relevant in determining the equilibrium lobbying behaviour. This results in ethnic diversity having a detrimental effect on local developmental spending which is aggravated by increased levels of coordination costs. We test these predictions using Indonesian community-level data. Utilising the 1997 and 2007 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) rounds, we are able to construct various measures of ethnic diversity. We exploit an institutional feature of Indonesian communities - namely, the observance of traditional "Adat" laws to proxy coordination costs across ethnic groups. Overall, we find that ethnic diversity depresses local development spending post-decentralisation at the community level particularly where Adat laws (which promote an ethic of mutual co-operation) are not followed. The opposite obtains for spending on non-developmental items, all of which is consistent with our theory.

Keywords: political economy; local development; lobbying; ethnic diversity; decentralisation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D72 D74 H40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 57 pages
Date: 2021-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cdm, nep-dev and nep-sea
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Published - published as 'Ethnic Diversity, Social Norms and Elite Capture: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia' in: Economica, 2022, 89 (356), 947 - 996

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Related works:
Working Paper: Democratisation under Diversity: Theory and Evidence from Indonesian Communities (2020)
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