Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco: An Initial Exploratory Analysis

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo (), Florencia Devoto, Matias Morales and Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez
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Gladys Lopez-Acevedo: World Bank
Florencia Devoto: World Bank
Matias Morales: World Bank
Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez: World Bank
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

No 14218, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: The U-shape theory argues that at early stages of development, countries experience a reduction in the female labor force participation, eventually followed by a recovery. In Morocco, female labor force participation is now lower than it was two decades ago due to several factors that are discussed in the paper. There is also a persistent 50-percentage-points gender gap in labor force participation rates, despite improvements typically related to development and female inclusion—such as a higher gross domestic product per capita, lower fertility rates, and better access to education. At the same time, urban job creation has not been able to offset rural job destruction nor the increase in the working age population for both genders. Using data from the Moroccan Labor Force Survey, the World Values Survey, and the Arab Barometer, probit models and a multinomial logit are estimated to explore the challenges affecting female insertion into the labor market. The findings show that higher educational attainment increases the probability of female participation, but this relationship has decreased over time, not being enough to offset other obstacles caused by other individual and household characteristics. Being married and the presence of other inactive women are found to decrease female participation. The educational level of the head of household (typically men) increases female inactivity, suggesting that potentially gender roles may drive women out of the labor market and slow the recovery in women's participation.

Keywords: Morocco; female; labor force participation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 J21 O54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 44 pages
Date: 2021-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ara and nep-lab
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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