The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action

Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy () and Benjamin Schoefer
Additional contact information
Shakked Noy: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

No 15500, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: We give an overview of the "German model" of industrial relations. We organize our review by focusing on the two pillars of the model: sectoral collective bargaining and firm-level codetermination. Relative to the United States, Germany outsources collective bargaining to the sectoral level, resulting in higher coverage and the avoidance of firm-level distributional conflict. Relative to other European countries, Germany makes it easy for employers to avoid coverage or use flexibility provisions to deviate downwards from collective agreements. The greater flexibility of the German system may reduce unemployment, but may also erode bargaining coverage and increase inequality. Meanwhile, firm-level codetermination through worker board representation and works councils creates cooperative dialogue between employers and workers. Board representation has few direct impacts owing to worker representatives' minority vote share, but works councils, which hold a range of substantive powers, may be more impactful. Overall, the German model highlights tensions between efficiency-enhancing flexibility and equity-enhancing collective action.

Keywords: Germany; codetermination; industrial relations; bargaining; unions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J4 J5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 37 pages
Date: 2022-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cdm and nep-lab
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (38)

Published - published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives , 2022, 36 (4), 53 - 80

Downloads: (external link)
https://docs.iza.org/dp15500.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
Journal Article: The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action (2022)
Working Paper: The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action (2022)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15500

Ordering information: This working paper can be ordered from
IZA, Margard Ody, P.O. Box 7240, D-53072 Bonn, Germany

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) IZA, P.O. Box 7240, D-53072 Bonn, Germany. Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Holger Hinte ().