Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?

Mette Gørtz, Sarah Sander () and Almudena Sevilla ()
Additional contact information
Sarah Sander: University of Copenhagen
Almudena Sevilla: London School of Economics

No 16557, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: This paper compares the labor market impact of grandparents before and after the arrival of the first grandchild. We show that grandmothers' labor market outcomes decline more steeply than grandfathers' after the first grandchild's arrival, leading to a 4-10 percent gender earnings gap 5-10 years later. The child penalty is shifted across generations to grandmothers with low education, but daycare availability only affects child penalties. Gender biases towards older women's work are a contributing factor to the disparity in earnings between grandmothers and grandfathers after the arrival of the first grandchild.

Keywords: gender; female labor supply; grandchildren; inequality; retirement (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 J14 J16 J22 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 57 pages
Date: 2023-10
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-age, nep-dem, nep-gen and nep-lab
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
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Published - published as 'Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice?' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 172, 104942

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