Ten Do It Better, Do They? An Empirical Analysis of an Old Football Myth

Marco Caliendo and Dubravko Radic ()
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Dubravko Radic: University of Wuppertal

No 2158, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: In this paper we investigate how the expulsion of a player influences the outcome of a football match. Common sense implies a negative impact for the affected team. However, an old football myth suggests that such an expulsion might also be beneficial since it increases the team spirit as well as the efforts of the affected team. We make use of a unique dataset containing all games played in a World Cup Championship between 1930 and 2002 and follow a twofold econometric strategy: We start with a conditional maximum likelihood estimator which is independent of the relative strength of the teams before we extend this estimator to take the relative strength of the teams and the minute of the expulsion into account. Our results indicate that the scoring intensities of both teams do not differ after the expulsion. Conducting scenario analysis reveals that the impact of a red card depends on the minute of the expulsion and does not have an impact at all if given at the end of the first half or later.

Keywords: Poisson process; (un)conditional likelihood; football; red card effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C40 Z00 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 18 pages
Date: 2006-06
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hpe and nep-spo
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (15)

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Working Paper: Ten Do It Better, Do They?: An Empirical Analysis of an Old Football Myth (2006)
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