The Entrepreneurial League Table of German Regions 1895 and 2019

Michael Fritsch (m.fritsch@uni-jena.de), Maria Greve (m.greve@uu.nl) and Michael Wyrwich
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Maria Greve: Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany

No 2024-001, Jena Economics Research Papers from Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena

Abstract: We describe and analyze the long-term development of self-employment in German regions between 1895 and 2019. Based on rankings ("league tables") for the two years we identify those regions where the relative level of self-employment significantly increased ('leapfroggers'), and those where the level of self-employment as compared to other regions deteriorated ('plungers'). Germany is a particularly interesting case due to the turbulent history of the country over the 20th century that includes two lost World Wars, occupation by foreign armies, forty years of division into a capitalist and a socialist state, as well as reunification and shock transformation of the eastern part to a market economy. While there is some persistence of regional self-employment despite all the disruptive changes, we also find and discuss considerable changes of regional levels of entrepreneurial activity.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; self-employment; regional dynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L26 O52 R11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-01-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eec, nep-ent, nep-geo, nep-his, nep-ino and nep-sbm
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2024-001

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