The Cadbury Schweppes judgment and its implications on profit shifting activities within Europe

Sabine Schenkelberg ()
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Sabine Schenkelberg: University of Cologne

International Tax and Public Finance, 2020, vol. 27, issue 1, No 1, 31 pages

Abstract: Abstract In 2006, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decided with the Cadbury Schweppes judgment that European Controlled-Foreign-Company (CFC) rules infringe the principle of freedom of establishment and restricted the applicability thereof. This paper analyzes the impact of mandatory amendments to European CFC rules on tax planning activities within Europe. Using a difference-in-differences approach, my results provide robust evidence that pre-tax earnings of subsidiaries located in European low-tax jurisdictions have increased by around 10% after the Cadbury Schweppes judgment. My analysis shows further that the increase in pre-tax earnings is related to facilitated profit shifting activities. Multinational corporations with high incentives or enhanced profit shifting opportunities react more to the Cadbury Schweppes judgment. The findings point out that CFC rules became less effective, and thus, profit shifting activities within Europe are less restricted after the ECJ judgment. Additional tests suggest further that on average 85% of the increase in pre-tax earnings is attributable to strategic transfer pricing determination, while less than 15% is attributable to debt shifting activities.

Keywords: CFC rules; Cadbury Schweppes judgment; Tax avoidance; Profit shifting (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F23 H26 H32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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DOI: 10.1007/s10797-019-09553-w

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