Option implied riskiness and risk-taking incentives of executive compensation
Chia-Chi Lu (lunina@ncu.edu.tw),
Carl Hsin-han Shen (carl.shen@mq.edu.au),
Pai-Ta Shih (ptshih@ntu.edu.tw) and
Wei‐Che Tsai (weiche@mail.nsysu.edu.tw)
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Chia-Chi Lu: National Central University
Carl Hsin-han Shen: Macquarie University
Pai-Ta Shih: National Taiwan University
Wei‐Che Tsai: National Sun Yat‐sen University
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2023, vol. 60, issue 3, No 9, 1143-1160
Abstract:
Abstract The riskiness developed by Aumann and Serrano (J Polit Econ 116:810–836, 2008) is a measure based on mean, standard deviation and higher order moments. Instead of relying on corporate policies as indirect measures of firm risk, we theoretically show a positive relation between the value of compensation contracts with convex payoff and the firm’s option implied riskiness through second-order stochastic dominance and provide supportive empirical evidence of this risk taking incentive. To address the endogeneity concern, we perform a difference-in-difference analysis using the implementation of FAS 123R in 2006, an accounting standard under which firms are required to recognize the fair value-based expense of stock option grants. Firms thereby are discouraged from granting executive stock options (ESO) because of the higher cost resulted from the strict expense recognition required by FAS 123R. Hence, the implementation of FAS 123R results in an exogenous negative shock to the use of ESO. Using this approach, we find a significant decrease in the option implied riskiness subsequent to FAS 123R, supportive of the risk-taking incentive associated with executive stock options.
Keywords: Risk-taking incentives; ESOs; Option implied riskiness; Stochastic dominance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C18 G30 G32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:60:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11156-022-01123-2
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DOI: 10.1007/s11156-022-01123-2
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