Causal Effects of Family Income on Child Outcomes and Educational Spending: Evidence from a Child Allowance Policy Reform in Japan

Michio Naoi, Hideo Akabayashi, Ryosuke Nakamura, Kayo Nozaki, Shinpei Sano, Wataru Senoh and Chizuru Shikishima
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Ryosuke Nakamura: Faculty of Economics, Fukuoka University
Kayo Nozaki: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Shinpei Sano: Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics, Chiba University
Wataru Senoh: Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics, Chiba University
Chizuru Shikishima: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Teikyo University

No 2017-026, Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series from Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University

Abstract: We examine the causal effects of family income on child outcomes and households'educational spending using panel data of children matched to their parents. Our identification strategy relies on the largely exogenous, discontinuous changes in the Child Allowance Policy in Japan that occurred between 2010 and 2012. We examine whether an exogenous variation in family income due to policy changes in the payment schedule has any causal effects on children's cognitive outcomes and households' educational spending. Our ordinary least squares (OLS) and first-differenced (FD) results show that, in most cases, family income is positively correlated with children's cognitive outcomes and family's educational investment. Our FD ins trumental variable (FD-IV) results, using exogenous changes in child allowance payments as an instrument, show that family income does not have any causal impacts on child outcomes in the short run. This suggests that the positive income effects on cognitive outcomes in OLS and FD models are not causal effects. In comparison, we find some evidence of positive income effects on households' educational spending. To examine the heterogeneous effects, we estimate FD-IV regressions for various population subgroups: those divided by parental education, income levels, children's age, and gender. We find that family income does not have statistically significant impacts on children's cognitive ability, whereas it has significant positive impacts on educational spending for high-income families and girls.

Keywords: Child allowance; Family income; Educational spending; Cognitive outcome (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H24 H31 I21 I28 I38 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 26 pages
Date: 2017-11-13
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem, nep-edu and nep-pbe
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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