The Incidence of Government Expenditures on Education and Health: Microeconomic Evidence from Pakistan

Ahmed Nawaz Hakro () and Muhammed Akram ()
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Ahmed Nawaz Hakro: Visiting Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Muhammed Akram: Lecturer, International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.

Lahore Journal of Economics, 2007, vol. 12, issue 2, 27-48

Abstract: This paper has analyzed the incidence of government expenditures on health and education by using the benefit incidence approach. Recent household level data from the Pakistan Standards of Living Measures (PSLM) has been used to calculate the incidence for Pakistan overall, and at provincial and regional levels, of different education and health services. GINI and concentration coefficients have been used to measure the benefit inequalities of public expenditure. The results demonstrate that education expenditures are progressive in overall Pakistan. The progressiveness hypothesis regarding health expenditure is accepted partially, as the expenditure is progressive for Pakistan overall, but regressive at regional and provincial level of services. Efforts should be directed towards the horizontal and vertical equity in the allocation of resources both at the provincial and regional levels, and greater targeting of rural and low-income groups can make the expenditureprograms more effective and result oriented.

Keywords: BenefitIncidence; Health; Education; and Pakistan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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