Private Educational Expenditure Inequality between Migrant and Urban Households in China’s Cities

Yiwen Chen, Ioana Salagean () and Benteng Zou
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Ioana Salagean: STATEC

DEM Discussion Paper Series from Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg

Abstract: (To consult this DP, please send an e-mail to dem@uni.lu) China’s household registration (hukou) system restricts access to public schools to children without local city hukou. Migrant households thus need to finance privately all education-related costs their children incur. In contrast, local urban households often top- up their spending with private tutoring. Consequently, private educational expenditure of households in China’s cities reflects both willingness to investment in human capital and institutional constraints. We compare the educational expenditure of parents migrating with children to China’s cities to that of local urban parents, with a special focus on the role of the household registration system (hukou) in shaping these inequalities. We find that overall expenditure of migrants overwhelmingly exceeds that of locals after controlling for social and economic characteristics, but expenditure types are different. More detailed analysis of three subcategories of the education-related expenditure shows that migrant households spend more on tuition and sponsorship compared to households with local city hukou, but much less on private tutoring.

Keywords: Chinese internal migrant children; educational investment; hukou registration. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I31 J13 O15 R23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cna, nep-mig, nep-tra and nep-ure
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Journal Article: Private Educational Expenditure Inequality between Migrant and Urban Households in China’s Cities (2024)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:luc:wpaper:20-03

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