Flat teams drive scientific innovation

Fengli Xu, Lingfei Wu and James Evans
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Fengli Xu: a Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;; b Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
Lingfei Wu: c School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
James Evans: a Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;; b Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022, vol. 119, issue 23, e2200927119

Abstract: With teams growing in all areas of scientific and scholarly research, we explore the relationship between team structure and the character of knowledge they produce. Drawing on 89,575 self-reports of team member research activity underlying scientific publications, we show how individual activities cohere into broad roles of 1) leadership through the direction and presentation of research and 2) support through data collection, analysis, and discussion. The hidden hierarchy of a scientific team is characterized by its lead (or L) ratio of members playing leadership roles to total team size. The L ratio is validated through correlation with imputed contributions to the specific paper and to science as a whole, which we use to effectively extrapolate the L ratio for 16,397,750 papers where roles are not explicit. We find that, relative to flat, egalitarian teams, tall, hierarchical teams produce less novelty and more often develop existing ideas, increase productivity for those on top and decrease it for those beneath, and increase short-term citations but decrease long-term influence. These effects hold within person—the same person on the same-sized team produces science much more likely to disruptively innovate if they work on a flat, high-L-ratio team. These results suggest the critical role flat teams play for sustainable scientific advance and the training and advancement of scientists.

Keywords: science of science; teams; hierarchy; networks; group structure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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