Using sero-epidemiology to monitor disparities in vaccination and infection with SARS-CoV-2

Isobel Routledge (), Saki Takahashi (), Adrienne Epstein, Jill Hakim, Owen Janson, Keirstinne Turcios, Jo Vinden, John Tomas Risos, Margaret Rose Baniqued, Lori Pham, Clara Di Germanio, Michael Busch, Margot Kushel, Bryan Greenhouse and Isabel Rodríguez-Barraquer ()
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Isobel Routledge: University of California San Francisco
Saki Takahashi: University of California San Francisco
Adrienne Epstein: University of California San Francisco
Jill Hakim: University of California San Francisco
Owen Janson: University of California San Francisco
Keirstinne Turcios: University of California San Francisco
Jo Vinden: University of California San Francisco
John Tomas Risos: University of California San Francisco
Margaret Rose Baniqued: University of California San Francisco
Lori Pham: University of California San Francisco
Clara Di Germanio: Vitalant Research Institute
Michael Busch: University of California San Francisco
Margot Kushel: University of California San Francisco
Bryan Greenhouse: University of California San Francisco
Isabel Rodríguez-Barraquer: University of California San Francisco

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and vaccines are rolled-out, the “double burden” of disparities in exposure and vaccination intersect to determine patterns of infection, immunity, and mortality. Serology provides a unique opportunity to measure prior infection and vaccination simultaneously. Leveraging algorithmically-selected residual sera from two hospital networks in the city of San Francisco, cross-sectional samples from 1,014 individuals from February 4–17, 2021 were each tested on two assays (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2), capturing the first year of the epidemic and early roll-out of vaccination. We estimated, using Bayesian estimation of infection and vaccination, that infection risk of Hispanic/Latinx residents was five times greater than of White residents aged 18–64 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 3.2–10.3), and that White residents over 65 were twice as likely to be vaccinated as Black/African American residents (95% CrI: 1.1–4.6). We found that socioeconomically-deprived zipcodes had higher infection probabilities and lower vaccination coverage than wealthier zipcodes. While vaccination has created a ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ for this pandemic, ongoing challenges in achieving and maintaining equity must also be considered.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30051-x

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