Quantum decoherence of dark pulses in optical microresonators

Chenghao Lao, Xing Jin, Lin Chang, Heming Wang, Zhe Lv, Weiqiang Xie, Haowen Shu, Xingjun Wang, John E. Bowers () and Qi-Fan Yang ()
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Chenghao Lao: Peking University
Xing Jin: Peking University
Lin Chang: Peking University
Heming Wang: University of California
Zhe Lv: Peking University
Weiqiang Xie: University of California
Haowen Shu: Peking University
Xingjun Wang: Peking University
John E. Bowers: University of California
Qi-Fan Yang: Peking University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Quantum fluctuations disrupt the cyclic motions of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in nonlinear optical microresonators and consequently cause timing jitter of the emitted pulse trains. This problem is translated to the performance of several applications that employ DKSs as compact frequency comb sources. Recently, device manufacturing and noise reduction technologies have advanced to unveil the quantum properties of DKSs. Here we investigate the quantum decoherence of DKSs existing in normal-dispersion microresonators known as dark pulses. By virtue of the very large material nonlinearity, we directly observe the quantum decoherence of dark pulses in an AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonator, and the underlying dynamical processes are resolved by injecting stochastic photons into the microresonators. Moreover, phase correlation measurements show that the uniformity of comb spacing of quantum-limited dark pulses is better than 1.2 × 10−16 and 2.5 × 10−13 when normalized to the optical carrier frequencies and repetition frequencies, respectively. Comparing DKSs generated in different material platforms explicitly confirms the advantages of dark pulses over bright solitons in terms of quantum-limited coherence. Our work establishes a critical performance assessment of DKSs, providing guidelines for coherence engineering of chip-scale optical frequency combs.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37475-z

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