Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ivan Chun Hang Lam, Ran Zhang, Kenneth Keng Cheung Man, Carlos King Ho Wong, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Xue Li, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Chak Sing Lau, Ian Chi Kei Wong () and Eric Yuk Fai Wan ()
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Ivan Chun Hang Lam: The University of Hong Kong
Ran Zhang: The University of Hong Kong
Kenneth Keng Cheung Man: The University of Hong Kong
Carlos King Ho Wong: The University of Hong Kong
Celine Sze Ling Chui: Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)
Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai: The University of Hong Kong
Xue Li: The University of Hong Kong
Esther Wai Yin Chan: The University of Hong Kong
Chak Sing Lau: The University of Hong Kong
Ian Chi Kei Wong: The University of Hong Kong
Eric Yuk Fai Wan: The University of Hong Kong

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract The persisting risk of long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the protection against such risk conferred by COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. Here we conducted a retrospective territory-wide cohort study on 1,175,277 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection stratified by their vaccination status and non-infected controls to evaluate the risk of clinical sequelae, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality using a territory-wide public healthcare database with population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong. A progressive reduction in risk of all-cause mortality was observed over one year between patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls. Patients with complete vaccination or have received booster dose incurred a lower risk of health consequences including major cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality than unvaccinated or patients with incomplete vaccination 30-90 days after infection. Completely vaccinated and patients with booster dose of vaccines did not incur significant higher risk of health consequences from 271 and 91 days of infection onwards, respectively, whilst un-vaccinated and incompletely vaccinated patients continued to incur a greater risk of clinical sequelae for up to a year following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provided real-world evidence supporting the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the risk of long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its persistence following infection.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45953-1

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