Single-cell transcriptomics identifies the differentiation trajectory from inflammatory monocytes to pro-resolving macrophages in a mouse skin allergy model

Kensuke Miyake (), Junya Ito, Kazufusa Takahashi, Jun Nakabayashi, Frank Brombacher, Shigeyuki Shichino, Soichiro Yoshikawa, Sachiko Miyake and Hajime Karasuyama
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Kensuke Miyake: Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
Junya Ito: Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
Kazufusa Takahashi: Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
Jun Nakabayashi: Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
Frank Brombacher: International Center for Genetic and Biotechnology Cape Town Component & University of Cape Town
Shigeyuki Shichino: Tokyo University of Science
Soichiro Yoshikawa: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Sachiko Miyake: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Hajime Karasuyama: Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Both monocytes and macrophages are heterogeneous populations. It was traditionally understood that Ly6Chi classical (inflammatory) monocytes differentiate into pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi macrophages. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Ly6Chi classical monocytes can also differentiate into Ly6Clo pro-resolving macrophages under certain conditions, while their differentiation trajectory remains to be fully elucidated. The present study with scRNA-seq and flow cytometric analyses reveals that Ly6ChiPD-L2lo classical monocytes recruited to the allergic skin lesion sequentially differentiate into Ly6CloPD-L2hi pro-resolving macrophages, via intermediate Ly6ChiPD-L2hi macrophages but not Ly6Clo non-classical monocytes, in an IL-4 receptor-dependent manner. Along the differentiation, classical monocyte-derived macrophages display anti-inflammatory signatures followed by metabolic rewiring concordant with their ability to phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils and allergens, therefore contributing to the resolution of inflammation. The failure in the generation of these pro-resolving macrophages drives the IL-1α-mediated cycle of inflammation with abscess-like accumulation of necrotic neutrophils. Thus, we clarify the stepwise differentiation trajectory from Ly6Chi classical monocytes toward Ly6Clo pro-resolving macrophages that restrain neutrophilic aggravation of skin allergic inflammation.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46148-4

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