Excitonic Mott insulator in a Bose-Fermi-Hubbard system of moiré WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer

Beini Gao, Daniel G. Suárez-Forero (), Supratik Sarkar, Tsung-Sheng Huang, Deric Session, Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad, Ruihao Ni, Ming Xie, Pranshoo Upadhyay, Jonathan Vannucci, Sunil Mittal, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Atac Imamoglu, You Zhou and Mohammad Hafezi ()
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Beini Gao: University of Maryland
Daniel G. Suárez-Forero: University of Maryland
Supratik Sarkar: University of Maryland
Tsung-Sheng Huang: University of Maryland
Deric Session: University of Maryland
Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad: University of Maryland
Ruihao Ni: University of Maryland
Ming Xie: University of Maryland
Pranshoo Upadhyay: University of Maryland
Jonathan Vannucci: University of Maryland
Sunil Mittal: University of Maryland
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Atac Imamoglu: ETH Zurich
You Zhou: University of Maryland
Mohammad Hafezi: University of Maryland

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Understanding the Hubbard model is crucial for investigating various quantum many-body states and its fermionic and bosonic versions have been largely realized separately. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides heterobilayers have emerged as a promising platform for simulating the rich physics of the Hubbard model. In this work, we explore the interplay between fermionic and bosonic populations, using a WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer device that hosts this hybrid particle density. We independently tune the fermionic and bosonic populations by electronic doping and optical injection of electron-hole pairs, respectively. This enables us to form strongly interacting excitons that are manifested in a large energy gap in the photoluminescence spectrum. The incompressibility of excitons is further corroborated by observing a suppression of exciton diffusion with increasing pump intensity, as opposed to the expected behavior of a weakly interacting gas of bosons, suggesting the formation of a bosonic Mott insulator. We explain our observations using a two-band model including phase space filling. Our system provides a controllable approach to the exploration of quantum many-body effects in the generalized Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46616-x

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