Ultra-compact exciton polariton modulator based on van der Waals semiconductors

Seong Won Lee, Jong Seok Lee, Woo Hun Choi, Daegwang Choi and Su-Hyun Gong ()
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Seong Won Lee: Korea University
Jong Seok Lee: Korea University
Woo Hun Choi: Korea University
Daegwang Choi: Korea University
Su-Hyun Gong: Korea University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract With the rapid emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the exponential growth in data generation, there is an increasing demand for high-performance and highly integratable optical modulators. In this work, we present an ultra-compact exciton-polariton Mach–Zehnder (MZ) modulator based on WS2 multilayers. The guided exciton-polariton modes arise in an ultrathin WS2 waveguide due to the strong excitonic resonance. By locally exciting excitons using a modulation laser in one arm of the MZ modulator, we induce changes in the effective refractive index of the polariton mode, resulting in modulation of transmitted intensity. Remarkably, we achieve a maximum modulation of −6.20 dB with an ultra-short modulation length of 2 μm. Our MZ modulator boasts an ultra-compact footprint area of ~30 μm² and a thin thickness of 18 nm. Our findings present new opportunities for the advancement of highly integrated and efficient photonic devices utilizing van der Waals materials.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46701-1

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