Extracellular DNA traps in a ctenophore demonstrate immune cell behaviors in a non-bilaterian

Lauren E. Vandepas (), Caroline Stefani, Phillip P. Domeier, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Frederick W. Goetz, William E. Browne and Adam Lacy-Hulbert
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Lauren E. Vandepas: NRC Research Associateship Program
Caroline Stefani: Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
Phillip P. Domeier: Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
Nikki Traylor-Knowles: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami
Frederick W. Goetz: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
William E. Browne: Department of Biology, University of Miami
Adam Lacy-Hulbert: Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The formation of extracellular DNA traps (ETosis) is a first response mechanism by specific immune cells following exposure to microbes. Initially characterized in vertebrate neutrophils, cells capable of ETosis have been discovered recently in diverse non-vertebrate taxa. To assess the conservation of ETosis between evolutionarily distant non-vertebrate phyla, we observed and quantified ETosis using the model ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Here we report that ctenophores – thought to have diverged very early from the metazoan stem lineage – possess immune-like cells capable of phagocytosis and ETosis. We demonstrate that both Mnemiopsis and Crassostrea immune cells undergo ETosis after exposure to diverse microbes and chemical agents that stimulate ion flux. We thus propose that ETosis is an evolutionarily conserved metazoan defense against pathogens.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46807-6

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