Layer-polarized ferromagnetism in rhombohedral multilayer graphene

Wenqiang Zhou, Jing Ding, Jiannan Hua, Le Zhang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Wei Zhu () and Shuigang Xu ()
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Wenqiang Zhou: Westlake University
Jing Ding: Westlake University
Jiannan Hua: Westlake University
Le Zhang: Westlake University
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Wei Zhu: Westlake University
Shuigang Xu: Westlake University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Flat-band systems with strongly correlated electrons can exhibit a variety of phenomena, such as correlated insulating and topological states, unconventional superconductivity, and ferromagnetism. Rhombohedral multilayer graphene has recently emerged as a promising platform for investigating exotic quantum states due to its hosting of topologically protected surface flat bands at low energy, which have a layer-dependent energy dispersion. However, the complex relationship between the surface flat bands and the highly dispersive high-energy bands makes it difficult to study correlated surface states. In this study, we introduce moiré superlattices as a method to isolate the surface flat bands of rhombohedral multilayer graphene. The observed pronounced screening effects in the moiré potential-modulated rhombohedral multilayer graphene indicate that the two surface states are electronically decoupled. The flat bands that are isolated promote correlated surface states in areas that are distant from the charge neutrality points. Notably, we observe tunable layer-polarized ferromagnetism, which is evidenced by a hysteretic anomalous Hall effect. This is achieved by polarizing the surface states with finite displacement fields.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46913-5

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