Electrostatic steering of thermal emission with active metasurface control of delocalized modes

Joel Siegel, Shinho Kim, Margaret Fortman, Chenghao Wan, Mikhail A. Kats, Philip W. C. Hon, Luke Sweatlock, Min Seok Jang () and Victor Watson Brar ()
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Joel Siegel: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Shinho Kim: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Margaret Fortman: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Chenghao Wan: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Mikhail A. Kats: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Philip W. C. Hon: Northrop Grumman Corporation
Luke Sweatlock: Northrop Grumman Corporation
Min Seok Jang: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Victor Watson Brar: University of Wisconsin-Madison

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract We theoretically describe and experimentally demonstrate a graphene-integrated metasurface structure that enables electrically-tunable directional control of thermal emission. This device consists of a dielectric spacer that acts as a Fabry-Perot resonator supporting long-range delocalized modes bounded on one side by an electrostatically tunable metal-graphene metasurface. By varying the Fermi level of the graphene, the accumulated phase of the Fabry-Perot mode is shifted, which changes the direction of absorption and emission at a fixed frequency. We directly measure the frequency- and angle-dependent emissivity of the thermal emission from a fabricated device heated to 250 °C. Our results show that electrostatic control allows the thermal emission at 6.61 μm to be continuously steered over 16°, with a peak emissivity maintained above 0.9. We analyze the dynamic behavior of the thermal emission steerer theoretically using a Fano interference model, and use the model to design optimized thermal steerer structures.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47229-0

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