Allopolyploid origin and diversification of the Hawaiian endemic mints

Crystal M. Tomlin, Sitaram Rajaraman, Jeanne Theresa Sebesta, Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Mika Bendiksby, Yee Wen Low, Jarkko Salojärvi, Todd P. Michael, Victor A. Albert () and Charlotte Lindqvist ()
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Crystal M. Tomlin: University at Buffalo
Sitaram Rajaraman: Nanyang Technological University
Jeanne Theresa Sebesta: University at Buffalo
Anne-Cathrine Scheen: Stavanger Botanic Garden
Mika Bendiksby: University of Oslo
Yee Wen Low: National Parks Board
Jarkko Salojärvi: Nanyang Technological University
Todd P. Michael: Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Victor A. Albert: University at Buffalo
Charlotte Lindqvist: University at Buffalo

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Island systems provide important contexts for studying processes underlying lineage migration, species diversification, and organismal extinction. The Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae family) are the second largest plant radiation on the isolated Hawaiian Islands. We generated a chromosome-scale reference genome for one Hawaiian species, Stenogyne calaminthoides, and resequenced 45 relatives, representing 34 species, to uncover the continental origins of this group and their subsequent diversification. We further resequenced 109 individuals of two Stenogyne species, and their purported hybrids, found high on the Mauna Kea volcano on the island of Hawai’i. The three distinct Hawaiian genera, Haplostachys, Phyllostegia, and Stenogyne, are nested inside a fourth genus, Stachys. We uncovered four independent polyploidy events within Stachys, including one allopolyploidy event underlying the Hawaiian mints and their direct western North American ancestors. While the Hawaiian taxa may have principally diversified by parapatry and drift in small and fragmented populations, localized admixture may have played an important role early in lineage diversification. Our genomic analyses provide a view into how organisms may have radiated on isolated island chains, settings that provided one of the principal natural laboratories for Darwin’s thinking about the evolutionary process.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47247-y

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