Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic

Estefany Rios-Guzman, Lacy M. Simons, Taylor J. Dean, Francesca Agnes, Anna Pawlowski, Arghavan Alisoltanidehkordi, Hannah H. Nam, Michael G. Ison, Egon A. Ozer, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo and Judd F. Hultquist ()
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Estefany Rios-Guzman: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Lacy M. Simons: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Taylor J. Dean: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Francesca Agnes: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Anna Pawlowski: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Arghavan Alisoltanidehkordi: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Hannah H. Nam: University of California – Irvine
Michael G. Ison: National Institute of Health
Egon A. Ozer: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Judd F. Hultquist: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with the greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially in the United States (US) following the implementation of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions but later rebounded with abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2023 in Chicago, Illinois, US, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity. We found that changes in RSV diagnostic platforms drove increased detections in outpatient settings post-2020 and that hospitalized adults infected with RSV-A were at higher risk of intensive care admission than those with RSV-B. While population structures of RSV-A remained unchanged, RSV-B exhibited a genetic shift into geographically distinct clusters. Mutations in the antigenic regions of the fusion protein suggest convergent evolution with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47757-9

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