Diamond with Sp2-Sp3 composite phase for thermometry at Millikelvin temperatures

Jianan Yin, Yang Yan, Mulin Miao, Jiayin Tang, Jiali Jiang, Hui Liu, Yuhan Chen, Yinxian Chen, Fucong Lyu, Zhengyi Mao, Yunhu He, Lei Wan, Binbin Zhou and Jian Lu ()
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Jianan Yin: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Yang Yan: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Mulin Miao: City University of Hong Kong
Jiayin Tang: City University of Hong Kong
Jiali Jiang: City University of Hong Kong
Hui Liu: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Yuhan Chen: City University of Hong Kong
Yinxian Chen: City University of Hong Kong
Fucong Lyu: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Zhengyi Mao: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Yunhu He: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Lei Wan: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute
Binbin Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jian Lu: CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Temperature is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities. The ability to measure temperatures approaching absolute zero has driven numerous advances in low-temperature physics and quantum physics. Currently, millikelvin temperatures and below are measured through the characterization of a certain thermal state of the system as there is no traditional thermometer capable of measuring temperatures at such low levels. In this study, we develop a kind of diamond with sp2-sp3 composite phase to tackle this problem. The synthesized composite phase diamond (CPD) exhibits a negative temperature coefficient, providing an excellent fit across a broad temperature range, and reaching a temperature measurement limit of 1 mK. Additionally, the CPD demonstrates low magnetic field sensitivity and excellent thermal stability, and can be fabricated into probes down to 1 micron in diameter, making it a promising candidate for the manufacture of next-generation cryogenic temperature sensors. This development is significant for the low-temperature physics researches, and can help facilitate the transition of quantum computing, quantum simulation, and other related technologies from research to practical applications.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48137-z

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