Mechanically robust and personalized silk fibroin-magnesium composite scaffolds with water-responsive shape-memory for irregular bone regeneration

Zhinan Mao, Xuewei Bi, Chunhao Yu, Lei Chen, Jie Shen, Yongcan Huang, Zihong Wu, Hui Qi, Juan Guan, Xiong Shu (), Binsheng Yu () and Yufeng Zheng ()
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Zhinan Mao: Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center
Xuewei Bi: Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center
Chunhao Yu: Peking University
Lei Chen: Capital Medical University
Jie Shen: Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center
Yongcan Huang: Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center
Zihong Wu: TUM School of Life Sciences
Hui Qi: Capital Medical University
Juan Guan: Beihang University
Xiong Shu: Capital Medical University
Binsheng Yu: Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center
Yufeng Zheng: Peking University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract The regeneration of critical-size bone defects, especially those with irregular shapes, remains a clinical challenge. Various biomaterials have been developed to enhance bone regeneration, but the limitations on the shape-adaptive capacity, the complexity of clinical operation, and the unsatisfied osteogenic bioactivity have greatly restricted their clinical application. In this work, we construct a mechanically robust, tailorable and water-responsive shape-memory silk fibroin/magnesium (SF/MgO) composite scaffold, which is able to quickly match irregular defects by simple trimming, thus leading to good interface integration. We demonstrate that the SF/MgO scaffold exhibits excellent mechanical stability and structure retention during the degradative process with the potential for supporting ability in defective areas. This scaffold further promotes the proliferation, adhesion and migration of osteoblasts and the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. With suitable MgO content, the scaffold exhibits good histocompatibility, low foreign-body reactions (FBRs), significant ectopic mineralisation and angiogenesis. Skull defect experiments on male rats demonstrate that the cell-free SF/MgO scaffold markedly enhances bone regeneration of cranial defects. Taken together, the mechanically robust, personalised and bioactive scaffold with water-responsive shape-memory may be a promising biomaterial for clinical-size and irregular bone defect regeneration.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48417-8

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