A unified European hydrogen infrastructure planning to support the rapid scale-up of hydrogen production

Ioannis Kountouris (), Rasmus Bramstoft, Theis Madsen, Juan Gea-Bermúdez, Marie Münster and Dogan Keles
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Ioannis Kountouris: Technical University of Denmark
Rasmus Bramstoft: Technical University of Denmark
Theis Madsen: Technical University of Denmark
Juan Gea-Bermúdez: European Commission
Marie Münster: Technical University of Denmark
Dogan Keles: Technical University of Denmark

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Hydrogen will become a key player in transitioning toward a net-zero energy system. However, a clear pathway toward a unified European hydrogen infrastructure to support the rapid scale-up of hydrogen production is still under discussion. This study explores plausible pathways using a fully sector-coupled energy system model. Here, we assess the emergence of hydrogen infrastructure build-outs connecting neighboring European nations through hydrogen import and domestic production centers with Western and Central European demands via four distinct hydrogen corridors. We identify a potential lock-in effect of blue hydrogen in the medium term, highlighting the risk of long-term dependence on methane. In contrast, we show that a self-sufficient Europe relying on domestic green hydrogen by 2050 would increase yearly expenses by around 3% and require 518 gigawatts of electrolysis capacity. This study emphasizes the importance of rapidly scaling up electrolysis capacity, building hydrogen networks and storage facilities, deploying renewable electricity generation, and ensuring coherent coordination across European nations.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49867-w

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