Rare de novo damaging DNA variants are enriched in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and implicate risk genes

Emily Olfson (), Luis C. Farhat, Wenzhong Liu, Lawrence A. Vitulano, Gwyneth Zai, Monicke O. Lima, Justin Parent, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Carolina Cappi, James L. Kennedy and Thomas V. Fernandez ()
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Emily Olfson: Yale University
Luis C. Farhat: Yale University
Wenzhong Liu: Yale University
Lawrence A. Vitulano: Yale University
Gwyneth Zai: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Monicke O. Lima: Universidade de São Paulo
Justin Parent: University of Rhode Island
Guilherme V. Polanczyk: Universidade de São Paulo
Carolina Cappi: Department of Psychiatry at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital
James L. Kennedy: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Thomas V. Fernandez: Yale University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Research demonstrates the important role of genetic factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DNA sequencing of families provides a powerful approach for identifying de novo (spontaneous) variants, leading to the discovery of hundreds of clinically informative risk genes for other childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. This approach has yet to be extensively leveraged in ADHD. We conduct whole-exome DNA sequencing in 152 families, comprising a child with ADHD and both biological parents, and demonstrate a significant enrichment of rare and ultra-rare de novo gene-damaging mutations in ADHD cases compared to unaffected controls. Combining these results with a large independent case-control DNA sequencing cohort (3206 ADHD cases and 5002 controls), we identify lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) as a high-confidence risk gene for ADHD and estimate that 1057 genes contribute to ADHD risk. Using our list of genes harboring ultra-rare de novo damaging variants, we show that these genes overlap with previously reported risk genes for other neuropsychiatric conditions and are enriched in several canonical biological pathways, suggesting early neurodevelopmental underpinnings of ADHD. This work provides insight into the biology of ADHD and demonstrates the discovery potential of DNA sequencing in larger parent-child trio cohorts.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50247-7

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