3D printable and biocompatible PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloids with high conductivity for rapid on-demand fabrication of 3D bioelectronics

Byungkook Oh, Seunghyeok Baek, Kum Seok Nam, Changhoon Sung, Congqi Yang, Young-Soo Lim, Min Sang Ju, Soomin Kim, Taek-Soo Kim, Sung-Min Park, Seongjun Park () and Steve Park ()
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Byungkook Oh: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Seunghyeok Baek: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Kum Seok Nam: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Changhoon Sung: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Congqi Yang: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Young-Soo Lim: Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
Min Sang Ju: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Soomin Kim: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Taek-Soo Kim: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Sung-Min Park: Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
Seongjun Park: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Steve Park: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract 3D printing has been widely used for on-demand prototyping of complex three-dimensional structures. In biomedical applications, PEDOT:PSS has emerged as a promising material in versatile bioelectronics due to its tissue-like mechanical properties and suitable electrical properties. However, previously developed PEDOT:PSS inks have not been able to fully utilize the advantages of commercial 3D printing due to its long post treatment times, difficulty in high aspect ratio printing, and low conductivity. We propose a one-shot strategy for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS ink that is able to simultaneously achieve on-demand biocompatibility (no post treatment), structural integrity during 3D printing for tall three-dimensional structures, and high conductivity for rapid-prototyping. By using ionic liquid-facilitated PEDOT:PSS colloidal stacking induced by a centrifugal protocol, a viscoplastic PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloidal (PILC) ink was developed. PILC inks exhibit high-aspect ratio vertical stacking, omnidirectional printability for generating suspended architectures, high conductivity (~286 S/cm), and high-resolution printing (~50 µm). We demonstrate the on-demand and versatile applicability of PILC inks through the fabrication of 3D circuit boards, on-skin physiological signal monitoring e-tattoos, and implantable bioelectronics (opto-electrocorticography recording, low voltage sciatic nerve stimulation and recording from deeper brain layers via 3D vertical spike arrays).

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50264-6

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