Two-gigapascal-strong ductile soft magnets

Liuliu Han (), Nicolas J. Peter, Fernando Maccari, András Kovács, Jin Wang, Yixuan Zhang, Ruiwen Xie, Yuxiang Wu, Ruth Schwaiger, Hongbin Zhang, Zhiming Li, Oliver Gutfleisch, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and Dierk Raabe
Additional contact information
Liuliu Han: Max-Planck-Straße 1
Nicolas J. Peter: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Fernando Maccari: Technical University of Darmstadt
András Kovács: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Jin Wang: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Yixuan Zhang: Technical University of Darmstadt
Ruiwen Xie: Technical University of Darmstadt
Yuxiang Wu: Max-Planck-Straße 1
Ruth Schwaiger: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Hongbin Zhang: Technical University of Darmstadt
Zhiming Li: Central South University
Oliver Gutfleisch: Technical University of Darmstadt
Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Dierk Raabe: Max-Planck-Straße 1

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Soft magnetic materials (SMMs) are indispensable for electromechanical energy conversion in high-efficiency applications, but they are exposed to increasing mechanical loading conditions in electric motors due to higher rotational speeds. Enhancing the yield strength of SMMs is essential to prevent the degradation in magnetic performance and failure from plastic deformation, yet most SMMs have yield strengths far below one gigapascal. Here, we present a multicomponent nanostructuring strategy that doubles the yield strength of SMMs while maintaining ductility. We introduce morphologically anisotropic nanoprecipitates through dislocation-driven precipitation induced by preceding deformation during heat treatment in an iron–nickel–cobalt–tantalum material. With all dimensions of the precipitates below the magnetic domain wall width, we achieve a high precipitate number density with a large specific surface area, small interprecipitate spacing, and high lattice mismatch, which impede dislocation glide and strengthen the material. Both the matrix and precipitates are ferromagnetic, yielding a high magnetic moment. This nanostructuring approach offers a pathway to two-gigapascal-strong ductile SMMs with moderately increased coercivity that can be tolerated in exchange for significantly improved mechanical performance for sustainable electrification.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53793-2

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