A green solvent enables precursor phase engineering of stable formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells

Benjamin M. Gallant, Philippe Holzhey, Joel A. Smith, Saqlain Choudhary, Karim A. Elmestekawy, Pietro Caprioglio, Igal Levine, Alexandra A. Sheader, Esther Y-H. Hung, Fengning Yang, Daniel T. W. Toolan, Rachel C. Kilbride, Karl-Augustin Zaininger, James M. Ball, M. Greyson Christoforo, Nakita K. Noel, Laura M. Herz, Dominik J. Kubicki and Henry J. Snaith ()
Additional contact information
Benjamin M. Gallant: Parks Road
Philippe Holzhey: Parks Road
Joel A. Smith: Parks Road
Saqlain Choudhary: Parks Road
Karim A. Elmestekawy: Parks Road
Pietro Caprioglio: Parks Road
Igal Levine: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
Alexandra A. Sheader: Parks Road
Esther Y-H. Hung: Parks Road
Fengning Yang: Parks Road
Daniel T. W. Toolan: University of Manchester
Rachel C. Kilbride: University of Sheffield
Karl-Augustin Zaininger: Parks Road
James M. Ball: Parks Road
M. Greyson Christoforo: Parks Road
Nakita K. Noel: Parks Road
Laura M. Herz: Parks Road
Dominik J. Kubicki: University of Birmingham
Henry J. Snaith: Parks Road

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer an efficient, inexpensive alternative to current photovoltaic technologies, with the potential for manufacture via high-throughput coating methods. However, challenges for commercial-scale solution-processing of metal-halide perovskites include the use of harmful solvents, the expense of maintaining controlled atmospheric conditions, and the inherent instabilities of PSCs under operation. Here, we address these challenges by introducing a high volatility, low toxicity, biorenewable solvent system to fabricate a range of 2D perovskites, which we use as highly effective precursor phases for subsequent transformation to α-formamidinium lead triiodide (α-FAPbI3), fully processed under ambient conditions. PSCs utilising our α-FAPbI3 reproducibly show remarkable stability under illumination and elevated temperature (ISOS-L-2) and “damp heat” (ISOS-D-3) stressing, surpassing other state-of-the-art perovskite compositions. We determine that this enhancement is a consequence of the 2D precursor phase crystallisation route, which simultaneously avoids retention of residual low-volatility solvents (such as DMF and DMSO) and reduces the rate of degradation of FA+ in the material. Our findings highlight both the critical role of the initial crystallisation process in determining the operational stability of perovskite materials, and that neat FA+-based perovskites can be competitively stable despite the inherent metastability of the α-phase.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54113-4

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