Patterned electrical brain stimulation by a wireless network of implantable microdevices

Ah-Hyoung Lee, Jihun Lee, Vincent Leung, Lawrence Larson and Arto Nurmikko ()
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Ah-Hyoung Lee: Brown University
Jihun Lee: Brown University
Vincent Leung: Baylor University
Lawrence Larson: Brown University
Arto Nurmikko: Brown University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Transmitting meaningful information into brain circuits by electronic means is a challenge facing brain-computer interfaces. A key goal is to find an approach to inject spatially structured local current stimuli across swaths of sensory areas of the cortex. Here, we introduce a wireless approach to multipoint patterned electrical microstimulation by a spatially distributed epicortically implanted network of silicon microchips to target specific areas of the cortex. Each sub-millimeter-sized microchip harvests energy from an external radio-frequency source and converts this into biphasic current injected focally into tissue by a pair of integrated microwires. The amplitude, period, and repetition rate of injected current from each chip are controlled across the implant network by implementing a pre-scheduled, collision-free bitmap wireless communication protocol featuring sub-millisecond latency. As a proof-of-concept technology demonstration, a network of 30 wireless stimulators was chronically implanted into motor and sensory areas of the cortex in a freely moving rat for three months. We explored the effects of patterned intracortical electrical stimulation on trained animal behavior at average RF powers well below regulatory safety limits.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54542-1

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