A penta-component mpox mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity in nonhuman primates

Qing Ye, Dong Zhang, Rong-Rong Zhang, Qian Xu, Xing-Yao Huang, Baoying Huang, Meng-Xu Sun, Zhe Cong, Lin Zhu, Jianrong Ma, Na Li, Jingjing Zhang, Ting Chen, Jiahan Lu, Yongzhi Hou, Xiang Chen, Hai-Tao Liu, Chao Zhou, Rui-Ting Li, Mei Wu, Zheng-Jian Wang, Jiye Yin, Ye-Feng Qiu, Bo Ying, Wen-Jie Tan (), Jing Xue () and Cheng-Feng Qin ()
Additional contact information
Qing Ye: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Dong Zhang: Peking Union Medical College
Rong-Rong Zhang: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Qian Xu: Wenzhou Medical University
Xing-Yao Huang: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Baoying Huang: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Meng-Xu Sun: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Zhe Cong: Peking Union Medical College
Lin Zhu: Peking Union Medical College
Jianrong Ma: Peking Union Medical College
Na Li: Peking Union Medical College
Jingjing Zhang: Peking Union Medical College
Ting Chen: Peking Union Medical College
Jiahan Lu: Peking Union Medical College
Yongzhi Hou: Peking Union Medical College
Xiang Chen: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Hai-Tao Liu: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Chao Zhou: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Rui-Ting Li: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Mei Wu: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Zheng-Jian Wang: Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Jiye Yin: Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Ye-Feng Qiu: Academy of Military Medical Science
Bo Ying: Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd.
Wen-Jie Tan: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Jing Xue: Peking Union Medical College
Cheng-Feng Qin: Academy of Military Medical Sciences

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract The recent worldwide outbreaks of mpox prioritize the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine. The contemporary mpox virus (MPXV) exhibits changing virological and epidemiological features, notably affecting populations already vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we profile the immunogenicity of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine targeting five specific proteins (M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R) from the representative contemporary MPXV clade II strain, in both naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates. Immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5 to cynomolgus macaques effectively elicits antibody responses and cellular responses. Importantly, based on the challenge model with a contemporary MPXV clade II strain, AR-MPXV5 demonstrates effective efficacy in preventing skin lesions, eliminating viremia and reducing viral loads in multiple tissues after challenge in naive male animals. More importantly, AR-MPXV5 is well-tolerated in stable chronic SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, while eliciting comparable MPXV-specific humoral and cellular responses in both naive and SIV-infected monkeys. Together, these results support further clinical development of the AR-MPXV5 vaccine.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54909-4

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