Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries

Jun Liu (), Zhenan Bao, Yi Cui, Eric J. Dufek, John B. Goodenough, Peter Khalifah, Qiuyan Li, Bor Yann Liaw, Ping Liu, Arumugam Manthiram, Y. Shirley Meng, Venkat R. Subramanian, Michael F. Toney, Vilayanur V. Viswanathan, M. Stanley Whittingham, Jie Xiao, Wu Xu, Jihui Yang, Xiao-Qing Yang and Ji-Guang Zhang
Additional contact information
Jun Liu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Zhenan Bao: Stanford University
Yi Cui: Stanford University
Eric J. Dufek: Idaho National Laboratory
John B. Goodenough: The University of Texas at Austin
Peter Khalifah: Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Qiuyan Li: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Bor Yann Liaw: Idaho National Laboratory
Ping Liu: University of California
Arumugam Manthiram: The University of Texas at Austin
Y. Shirley Meng: University of California
Venkat R. Subramanian: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Michael F. Toney: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Vilayanur V. Viswanathan: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
M. Stanley Whittingham: Binghamton University
Jie Xiao: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Wu Xu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jihui Yang: University of Washington
Xiao-Qing Yang: Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Ji-Guang Zhang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2019, vol. 4, issue 3, 180-186

Abstract: Abstract State-of-the-art lithium (Li)-ion batteries are approaching their specific energy limits yet are challenged by the ever-increasing demand of today’s energy storage and power applications, especially for electric vehicles. Li metal is considered an ultimate anode material for future high-energy rechargeable batteries when combined with existing or emerging high-capacity cathode materials. However, much current research focuses on the battery materials level, and there have been very few accounts of cell design principles. Here we discuss crucial conditions needed to achieve a specific energy higher than 350 Wh kg−1, up to 500 Wh kg−1, for rechargeable Li metal batteries using high-nickel-content lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides as cathode materials. We also provide an analysis of key factors such as cathode loading, electrolyte amount and Li foil thickness that impact the cell-level cycle life. Furthermore, we identify several important strategies to reduce electrolyte-Li reaction, protect Li surfaces and stabilize anode architectures for long-cycling high-specific-energy cells.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0338-x

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