A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour

Shamima Akter, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Thomas Rouyard, Sarmin Aktar, Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi and Ryota Nakamura ()
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Shamima Akter: Hitotsubashi University
Md. Mizanur Rahman: Hitotsubashi University
Thomas Rouyard: Hitotsubashi University
Sarmin Aktar: Global Public Health Research Foundation
Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi: Institute for Nature, Health, and Agricultural Research
Ryota Nakamura: Hitotsubashi University

Nature Human Behaviour, 2024, vol. 8, issue 12, 2367-2391

Abstract: Abstract This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD 42022311392) aimed to synthesize the effectiveness of all available population-level tobacco policies on smoking behaviour. Our search across 5 databases and leading organizational websites resulted in 9,925 records, with 476 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. In our narrative summary and both pairwise and network meta-analyses, we identified anti-smoking campaigns, health warnings and tax increases as the most effective tobacco policies for promoting smoking cessation. Flavour bans and free/discounted nicotine replacement therapy also showed statistically significant positive effects on quit rates. The network meta-analysis results further indicated that smoking bans, anti-tobacco campaigns and tax increases effectively reduced smoking prevalence. In addition, flavour bans significantly reduced e-cigarette consumption. Both the narrative summary and the meta-analyses revealed that smoking bans, tax increases and anti-tobacco campaigns were associated with reductions in tobacco consumption and sales. On the basis of the available evidence, anti-tobacco campaigns, smoking bans, health warnings and tax increases are probably the most effective policies for curbing smoking behaviour.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7

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