Aging, migration and monetary policy in Poland

Marcin Bielecki, Michal Brzoza-Brzezina and Marcin Kolasa

No 341, NBP Working Papers from Narodowy Bank Polski

Abstract: Poland faces a particularly sharp demographic transition. The old-age dependency ratio is expected to increase from slightly above 20% in 2000 to over 60% in 2050. At the same time the country has recently witnessed a huge wave of immigration, mostly from Ukraine. In this paper we investigate how aging and migration will affect the Polish economy and what consequences these adjustments have for its monetary policy. Using a general equilibrium model with life-cycle considerations, we show that the decline in the natural rate of interest (NRI) due to demographic processes is substantial, amounting to more than 1.5 percentage points, albeit spread over a period of 40 years. The impact of migration flows is relatively small and cannot significantly alleviate the downward pressure on the NRI induced by populating aging. If the central bank is slow in learning about the declining NRI, an extended period of inflation running below the target is likely. In this case, the probability of hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB) becomes a major constraint on monetary policy while it could remain under control if the central bank uses demographic trends to update the NRI estimates in real time.

Keywords: aging; monetary policy; migration; life-cycle models (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E43 E52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 42
Date: 2021
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-age, nep-ban, nep-cba, nep-dge, nep-eec, nep-mac, nep-mig, nep-mon and nep-tra
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://static.nbp.pl/publikacje/materialy-i-studia/341_en.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
Journal Article: Aging, Migration and Monetary Policy in Poland (2022)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbp:nbpmis:341

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in NBP Working Papers from Narodowy Bank Polski Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Jakub Growiec ().