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Revisiting personal income tax in Latin America: Evolution and impact

Alberto Barreix, Juan Carlos Benítez and Miguel Pecho
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Alberto Barreix: Inter-American Development Bank
Juan Carlos Benítez: OECD Development Centre
Miguel Pecho: Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations

No 338, OECD Development Centre Working Papers from OECD Publishing

Abstract: This study documents the process through which standard tax reliefs and tax allowances reduce the taxable base of the Personal Income Tax (PIT) in Latin American countries by using the models developed in Taxing Wages in Latin America and the Caribbean 2016. The theoretical estimations on the personal income tax are complemented with data from the tax administrations. The study finds that the PIT is progressive, but only paid by a small proportion of formal high-wage earning individuals. On average, more than 80% of the PIT is paid by the richest ten per cent of the population but at average effective rates below the region’s average statutory minimum tax schedule rate. The combination of these factors results in the PIT having a scant revenue-raising capacity and a meagre impact on income redistribution. Cette étude documente le processus par lequel les allégements fiscaux et les déductions fiscales standard réduisent la base imposable de l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques (PIT) dans les pays d'Amérique latine en utilisant les modèles développésdans Taxing Wages pour l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes 2016. Les estimations théoriques de l'impôtsur le revenu des personnes physiques sont complétées avec des données fournies par des administrations fiscales. L'étude constate que le PIT est progressif et qu'il n'est payé que par une faible proportion d'individus formellement rémunérés. En moyenne, plus de 80% de la PIT est payée par le dix pour cent de la population la plus riche, mais à des taux effectifs moyens inférieurs au taux moyen de la taxe minimale prévue par la loi. Ces facteurs confondus se traduisent par une faible capacité d’augmentation de recettes et un faible impact sur la redistribution des revenus.

Keywords: Personal income tax; tax deductions; tax exemptions; tax system; wage distribution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D31 H24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017-03-30
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-acc, nep-lam, nep-ltv and nep-pbe
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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