ICT Specialists in Europe

Angelo Leogrande, Nicola Magaletti, Gabriele Cosoli, Vito Giardinelli and Alessandro Massaro

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: The following article estimates the value of ICT Specialists in Europe between 2016 and 2021 for 28 European countries. The data were analyzed using the following econometric techniques, namely: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS and Pooled OLS. The results show that the value of ICT Specialists in Europe is positively associated with the following variables: "Desi Index", "SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity", "At least 100 Mbps fixed BB take-up" and negatively associated with the following variables: "4G Coverage","5G Coverage", "5G Readiness", "Fixed broadband coverage", "e-Government", "At least Basic Digital Skills", "Fixed broadband take-up", "Broadband price index", "Integration of Digital Technology". Subsequently, two European clusters were found by value of "ICTG Specialists" using the k-Means clustering algorithm optimized by using the Silhouette coefficient. Finally, eight different machine learning algorithms were compared to predict the value of "ICT Specialists" in Europe. The results show that the best prediction algorithm is ANNArtificial Neural Network with an estimated growth value of 12.53%. Finally, "augmented data" were obtained through the use of the ANN-Artificial Neural Network, through which a new prediction was made which estimated a growing value of the estimated variable equal to 3.18%.

Keywords: Innovation, and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-03-05
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-big, nep-cmp, nep-ict, nep-ino and nep-sbm
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:112241

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