Does leadership gender diversity drive corporate social responsibility and organizational outcomes? The role of organization size

Muhammad Ali, Mirit K Grabarski, Sana Ahmed and Nazish Imtiaz
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Muhammad Ali: QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Mirit K Grabarski: Faculty of Business Administration, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
Sana Ahmed: Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Nazish Imtiaz: Department of Management Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Australian Journal of Management, 2024, vol. 49, issue 3, 319-339

Abstract: Corporate scandals, environmental damages, and employment conditions have highlighted the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, little is known about (1) the simultaneous effects of board and top management team (TMT) gender diversity on CSR, (2) the mediating role of CSR between leadership (board/TM) gender diversity and organizational outcomes, and (3) the above-noted effects vary between large versus small organizations. Drawn from social role theory, we test our hypotheses using multisource time-lagged data from 248 organizations. The results indicate that both board and TMT gender diversity are positively associated with CSR. Moreover, CSR had a positive effect on both perceived organizational performance and employee productivity, with CSR also mediating the relationship between board gender diversity and perceived organizational performance. The findings also show the moderating effect of organization size on the CSR–organizational outcomes relationship. Our results refine (differential effects of gender diversity on CSR depending on the role), extend (some unprecedented effects were found for perceived organizational performance and employee productivity), and qualify (effects were significant for large organizations) social role theory. Our research addresses the above-noted knowledge gaps and informs the contextual leadership gender diversity practice for improved CSR and organizational outcomes. JEL Classification: M12, M14

Keywords: Board; corporate social responsibility; employee productivity; gender diversity; perceived organizational performance; top management team (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:ausman:v:49:y:2024:i:3:p:319-339

DOI: 10.1177/03128962231160650

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