“Think entrepreneur - think male”: a task and relationship scale to measure gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship

Ana Laguía (), Cristina García-Ael (), Dominika Wach () and Juan A. Moriano ()
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Ana Laguía: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
Cristina García-Ael: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
Dominika Wach: Technische Universität Dresden
Juan A. Moriano: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2019, vol. 15, issue 3, No 5, 749-772

Abstract: Abstract Building on the think manager – think male paradigm, this study tested the psychometric properties of an “Entrepreneurial Task and Relationship” (ETR) scale to assess gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship. The sample was composed of 1056 non-entrepreneurs and 178 entrepreneurs. Non-entrepreneurs rated the characteristics of: 1) a successful entrepreneur (n = 348); 2) a successful female entrepreneur (n = 360); and 3) a successful male entrepreneur (n = 348). Entrepreneurs rated to what extent they ascribe themselves entrepreneurial characteristics. Results revealed psychometric adequacy of a two-dimensional 13-item ETR scale to be invariant across different study conditions, non-entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs, as well as male and female participants. As with management, entrepreneurship is perceived as strongly associated with task orientation. The think entrepreneur – think male paradigm applies to entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for more awareness of gender stereotypes in that context. Implications of our study can be derived on entrepreneurship education and towards policy makers and media to promote a non-stereotyped image of entrepreneurship and foster this career option, particularly among women.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Gender; Stereotypes; Female entrepreneurs (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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DOI: 10.1007/s11365-018-0553-0

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