Gender and generational cohort impact on entrepreneurs’ emotional intelligence and transformational leadership

José Esteves (), Guillermo Haro Rodríguez (), María Teresa Ballestar () and Jorge Sainz ()
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José Esteves: University of Porto, Avenida Fabril do Norte
Guillermo Haro Rodríguez: IE Business School
María Teresa Ballestar: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Jorge Sainz: IPR, University of Bath

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2024, vol. 20, issue 2, No 28, 1295-1322

Abstract: Abstract Emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership style are topics that have attracted a growing interest in the literature. In this study, we posit that entrepreneurs’ EI is an antecedent of transformational leadership (TL) while examining the moderating role of gender and generational cohort. Data were collected from 2,084 international entrepreneurs and analysed using multivariate analysis and hierarchical linear regression. The results confirm EI as an antecedent of TL and show that others’ emotion appraisal (OEA) and regulation of emotions (ROE) are the most contributing subdimensions of EI to TL. Moreover, the study also reveals significant gender and generational cohort differences for EI and TL. In one of the relevant findings, our research shows that only female Gen Z entrepreneurs have lower scores than their male counterparts. Although men’s EI scores are similar across generations, women’s scores are significantly higher in each older generation leaving ¡open questions for further research in the area.

Keywords: Emotional intelligence; Transformational leadership; Leadership style; Entrepreneurship; Gender; Gen Z (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s11365-024-00955-9

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