What drives demand for private tutoring in secondary education? Evidence from India

Pradeep Kumar Choudhury (), Angrej Singh Gill () and Amit Kumar ()
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Pradeep Kumar Choudhury: Harvard University
Angrej Singh Gill: Panjab University Rural Centre
Amit Kumar: University of Delhi

Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2024, vol. 26, issue 3, No 5, 816-839

Abstract: Abstract Private tutoring is widespread in India, and its demand is growing over time. In this paper, we employ a two-step Heckman selection model to analyse the role of socioeconomic and school-related factors in determining household demand for private tutoring in secondary education in India. We use 75th education round data of the National Statistical Office (NSO), a pan-India household survey data collected between July 2017 and June 2018. We find that around 29 per cent of secondary school-going children in India attend private tutoring, the highest among all levels of education. Results show that students from socially and economically disadvantaged families are under-represented in private tutoring and spend less on it than their less-disadvantaged counterparts. We also find significant regional (rural/urban) and inter-state variations in participation and household investment in private tutoring in India. Our results indicate that children from science and commerce streams have a higher demand for private tuition than their arts stream counterparts. In a context where ‘coaching culture’ is increasingly visible in secondary education in India, findings of this paper propose potential policy implications.

Keywords: Private tutoring; Coaching culture; Secondary education; Demand; Household investment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s40847-023-00291-8

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