Holding times to maintain quasi-regular headways and reduce real-time bus bunching

Citlali M. Olvera-Toscano (), Yasmín Á. Ríos-Solís (), Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado () and Romeo Sánchez Nigenda ()
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Citlali M. Olvera-Toscano: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
Yasmín Á. Ríos-Solís: Tecnologico de Monterrey
Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
Romeo Sánchez Nigenda: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon

Public Transport, 2023, vol. 15, issue 3, No 1, 595-628

Abstract: Abstract Real-time control strategies deal with the day’s dynamics in bus rapid transit systems. This work focuses on minimizing the number of buses of the same line cruising head-to-tail or arriving at a stop simultaneously by implementing bus holding times at the stops as a control strategy. We propose a new mathematical model to determine the bus holding times. It has quadratic constraints but a linear objective function that minimizes the bus bunching penalties. We also propose a beam-search heuristic to reduce computational solution time to solve large instances. Experimental results on a bus rapid transit system simulation in Monterrey, Mexico, show a bus bunching reduction of 45% compared to the case without optimization. Moreover, passenger waiting times are reduced by 30% in some scenarios. For real-world instances with 60 buses, the beam-search approach provides solutions with an optimality gap of less than 5% in less than 3 s.

Keywords: Bus bunching; Real-time; Holding time; Transit operations; Beam search (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s12469-023-00326-7

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