Energy-efficiency schemes for base stations in 5G heterogeneous networks: a systematic literature review

Preetjot Kaur (), Roopali Garg () and Vinay Kukreja ()
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Preetjot Kaur: Panjab University
Roopali Garg: Panjab University
Vinay Kukreja: Chitkara University

Telecommunication Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Design and Management, 2023, vol. 84, issue 1, No 7, 115-151

Abstract: Abstract In today’s 5G era, the energy efficiency (EE) of cellular base stations is crucial for sustainable communication. Recognizing this, Mobile Network Operators are actively prioritizing EE for both network maintenance and environmental stewardship in future cellular networks. The paper aims to provide an outline of energy-efficient solutions for base stations of wireless cellular networks. A total of 5722 studies have been figured out by using the search string and after performing the six stages of SLR protocol, 82 studies were finalised that are published in 26 supreme journals and 19 featured conferences. EE solutions have been segregated into five primary categories: base station hardware components, sleep mode strategies, radio transmission mechanisms, network deployment and planning, and energy harvesting. The predominance of sleep mode procedures is evident in the selected survey studies. Notably, China, Korea, and the US are vigorously engaged in this field, specifically related to the 5G network. This review paper identifies the possible potential solutions for reducing the energy consumption of the networks and discusses the challenges so that more accurate and valid measures could be designed for future research.

Keywords: 5G; Energy efficiency; Base stations; Green communications; Sleep mode techniques; Small cells technology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s11235-023-01037-x

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